The system of monitoring, forecasting and modeling of hydrological risks on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan Flood 2.0 is a software and hardware complex that is provided for use in the form of a comprehensive service via the web interface. The system allows:

conducting online monitoring of water levels at water bodies,
launching the public notification system promptly;
using the installed photo and video recordings at monitoring posts, each resident can visually observe the rise of the water level at the water object of interest;
using statistical information on water levels on water bodies since 1979;
viewing graphical information on water levels on water bodies both for previous years and up-to-date daily information;
simulating and predicting the passage of spring floods at different levels of water rise with the display on an interactive map of flooded and flooded areas;
getting information about stationary hydro posts in the republic, temporary accommodation of the population located in areas of possible flood impact, and social facilities on an interactive map;
getting a short- and long-term forecast of the flood situation, taking into account weather data;
conducting monitoring using high-resolution panchromatic satellite images.

The hardware and software complex has 2 components:

server power, software, intellectual component;
hardware, including terminal devices, CCTV cameras, sensors, autonomous power supply, communication channels.

The specified system structurally includes a number ofsubsystems, among which are:

visual monitoring subsystem;
remote sensing subsystem;
weather forecast subsystem;
subsystem for modeling flood zones.

Since April 1, 2018, this system has been operating on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main developer of the system is the State Committee of the Republic of Bashkortostan for Emergency Situations together with technical partners.

Some elements of the system have analogues in other regions. In particular, tracking the dynamics of water levels at automatic stations, annual monitoring of water levels, the formation of weather maps, forecasting water levels. However, the system can be considered unique, since there are no analogues to the full combination of all available data and functions of Flood 2.0:

Year-round daily monitoring of water levels at stationary hydro posts (more than 30) and hourly monitoring of water levels at automatic stations (44). Monitoring of water levels at temporary water posts (more than 30) as well as discharges, volumes, and levels at the main waterworks (more than 10) during the spring flood.
Visual monitoring of the hydrological situation at automatic stations (photos, videos).
Automatic monitoring of the meteorological situation, including unfavorable conditions, with a forecast for 5-14 days ahead.
Automatic short-term (several days) and long-term (upcoming flood) forecasting of water levels at hydro posts and stations using neural networks and statistical analysis.
Automatic calculation of flood zones along the main rivers of the Republic of Bashkortostan in a mode close to real time (within a few minutes after receiving data from automatic stations).
Advance calculation of flood zones with a 10 cm water level rise step in all cities of the Republic of Bashkortostan potentially prone to flooding.
Automated calculation of objects falling into flood zones, and evacuation routes to the nearest temporary accommodation of people.
Remote monitoring of hydrological and meteorological conditions using satellite images.
Monitoring of the operational situation on all facts of flooding, places of rest, and incidents on the water.
Collecting information using mobile devices in online and offline modes.
Expanded list of reports (more than 30) in tabular, diagram, cartographic forms.
Monitoring of water bodies of the republic by unmanned aerial vehicles.

The figure shows a generalized scheme of the mechanism of functioning of the system.

Picture – The mechanism of functioning of the system

The sources of information in the system are:

automatic monitoring posts;
newsletters received from republican executive authorities;
remote sensing data (satellite images of medium and high resolution received during the spring floods, as well as data from UAVs obtained from the facts of flooding) and data, received from meteorological aggregators.

Automatic hydraulic posts equipped with video cameras are installed on the territory of the republic.

Automatic water level monitoring post on water bodies consists of:

ultrasonic sensor (to determine the water level),
photo devices- video recordings (for visual observation),
router (for organizing a communication channel), solar panel (power supply)
thermal cabinets for switching equipment and autonomous power supply equipment.

The ultrasonic sensor determines the distance to the object due to the emitted ultrasonic signals. When encountering an obstacle, the signal is reflected and returned to the sensor. The distance is calculated based on the time difference from the moment the signal is sent to its return.

The equipment of the automatic post is self-sufficient for placement, if necessary, away from power and communication lines.

Automatic monitoring posts via GSM communication channels are connected to a server hosting special information software for the system of monitoring, forecasting and analysis of hydrological risks.

The server of the hydromonitoring system, at the request of users via the web interface in the online mode , allows monitoring the water level at water bodies, promptly launching a public notification system, visually observing the rise of the water level, provides analytical information about water levels at water bodies, forecasting water level data, locations of objects, modeling of flood zones, etc.

Target users of the system - republican executive authorities that have access to the extended functionality of the system for prompt warning and response to emergencies. The system can also be used by all citizens of the Republic through the official website of the State Emergency Committee of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

The system is presented as a set of geoinformation web and mobile applications with open and closed parts. The open part (abridged) is provided to an unlimited number of users. The closed part (extended) is provided to organizations that are part of the flood control commission.

The system of monitoring, forecasting and modeling of hydrological risks Flood 2.0 is implemented annually in the form of the acquisition of a comprehensive service within the framework of the development of the block Environmental Safety of the agro-industrial complex Safe City.

The regulatory framework includes the following:

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 683 of December 31, 2015 On the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation;
Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Bashkortostan dated August 13, 2015 No. 308 On the Organization and Implementation of Measures for the Construction, Implementation and Operation of the Hardware and Software Complex Safe City on the Territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan;
Order of the Government of the Republic of Bashkortostan dated August 18, 2017 No. 788-r On Approval of the Action Plan (Roadmap) for the Construction and Development of the Hardware and Software Complex Safe City of the Republic of Bashkortostan";
Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Bashkortostan dated July 27, 2017 No. 349 On the State Program Risk Reduction and Mitigation of Natural and Man-Made Emergencies in the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2018-2023;
Law of the Republic of Bashkortostan dated December 19, 2019 No. 181-z On the Budget of the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2020 and for the Planning Period of 2021 and 2022 (as amended by 12/18/2020);
Annual Order of the Government of the Republic of Bashkortostan On Measures for the Accident-Free Passage of the Spring Flood in the Territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Measures for the development and implementation of monitoring and forecasting systems for natural and man-made emergencies are included in the State Program Risk Reduction and Mitigation of the Consequences of Natural and Man-Made Emergencies in the Republic of Bashkortostan, approved by Resolution No. 349 of the Government of the Republic of Bashkortostan dated July 27, 2017.

In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Bashkortostan dated 19.12.2019 No. 181-z On the Budget of the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2020 and for the Planning Period of 2021 and 2022, 4.34 mn. rubles were allocated for the purchase of complex services in 2018, 6.33 mn. rubles in 2019, and 7.9 mn. rubles in 2020.

Every year, the network of automatic water level monitoring points (posts) at water bodies is expanded by 10 units.

The determination of the installation locations of automatic water level monitoring points (posts) on water bodies is carried out in coordination with the relevant republican executive authorities of the Republic of Bashkortostan (FSBI Bashkir Department for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring).

Mechanism of implementation of the system of monitoring, forecasting and modeling of hydrological risks Flood 2.0:

allocation of financing for the purchase of a comprehensive service;
preparation of tender documentation and writing technical specifications for the purchase of a comprehensive service;
conducting competitive procedures in accordance with Federal Law No. 44-FZ of April 5, 2013 On the Contract System in the Field of Procurement of Goods, Works, Services for State and Municipal Needs to determine the provider of complex services;
concluding a state contract with a supplier of complex services;
receiving a comprehensive service in accordance with the concluded state contract.